Cartography ⇔ mapping voyages.
Carrack ⇔ sailing long distances.
Compass ⇔ finding direction.
Astrolabe ⇔ calculating positions of the stars.
Cartography is 'the area coping with the theory, manufacturing, dissemination and look at of maps' (worldwide Cartographic affiliation, 1995). As an area, cartography is most commonly observed in geography departments in North the united states but is mostly a separate discipline in other areas of the arena.
An astrolabe can most effectively measure angles in a vertical plane and changed into mainly used for range-finding, although you could additionally use it for functions inclusive of finding the height of something.
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