The type of cell division that allows the formation of cells with half of the genetic information of the dividing cell is known as meiosis, the reduction and rearrangement are accomplished in the following way:
- Chromosome reduction occurs as a cell division process in which a diploid (2n) cell undergoes two successive divisions, generating haploid (n) cells.
- These cells called gametes have half the DNA of the rest of the individual's cells, this half of DNA is not random, but is precisely a complete chromosomal set.
- This halving allows the number of chromosomes of the species to be maintained at fertilization.
- Rearrangement occurs before chromosomes separate, corresponding sections of chromosomes can change, or cross, between the pair.
- Through recombination and random segregation, each pair of homologs obtains a mixed paternal and maternal chromosome, thus producing a new haploid chromosome set or set in which new combinations of genes have originated.
- The rearrangement of DNA increases genetic diversity within a population by passing genetic information to the next generation, which is not completely identical to that of the father.
Therefore, we can conclude that meiosis is one of the ways in which cells divide, characterized by giving rise to daughter cells that are genetically different from the cell that originated them through chromosome reduction and rearrangement.
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