Answer: c. demand variability
Explanation:
Demand variability refers to any fluctuations in the demand of a good or service by consumers so it is on the demand side of goods and services.
The question in asking what can affect output is asking for factors in the supply side of the good such as workplace accidents and worker absences causing labor to reduce the amount of output produced as well as material shortages and equipment failure doing the same.
Demand variability is therefore least likely to be a source of disruption that results in less than the desired output in a high-volume system.
