Question

In politics, marketing, etc. We often want to estimate a percentage or proportion p. One calculation in statistical polling is the margin of error - the largest (reasonble) error that the poll could have. For example, a poll result of 72% with a margin of error of 4% indicates that p is most likely to be between 68% and 76% (72% minus 4% to 72% plus 4%). In a (made-up) poll, the proportion of people who like dark chocolate more than milk chocolate was 32% with a margin of error of 2.2%. Describe the conclusion about p using an absolute value inequality.

Answer 1

Answer: |p-72% |≤ 4%

Step-by-step explanation:

Let p be the population proportion.

The absolute inequality about p using an absolute value inequality.:

$|p-\hat{p}| \leq E$ , where E = margin of error, $\hat{p}$ = sample proportion

Given:  A poll result of 72% with a margin of error of 4% indicates that p is most likely to be between 68% and 76% .

|p-72% |≤ 4%

⇒    72% - 4% ≤ p ≤ 72% +4%

⇒  68%  ≤ p ≤  76%.

i.e. p is most likely to be between 68% and 76% (.

Answer 2

The conclusion about p using an absolute value inequality is in the range of 29.8% to 34.2%.

What is absolute value inequality?

An expression using absolute functions and inequality signs is known as an absolute value inequality.

We know that the absolute value inequality about p using an absolute value inequality is written as,

$|p-\hat p| \leq E$

where E is the margin of error and $\hat p$ is the sample proportion.

Now, it is given that the poll result of 72% with a margin of error of 4% indicates that p is most likely to be between 68% and 76%. Therefore, p can be written as,

$|p-0.72|\leq 0.04\\\\(0.72-0.04)\leq p \leq (0.72+0.04)\\\\0.68 \leq p\leq 0.76$

Thus, the p is most likely to be between the range of 68% to 76%.

Similarly, the proportion of people who like dark chocolate more than milk chocolate was 32% with a margin of error of 2.2%. Therefore, p can be written as,

$|p-\hat p|\leq E\\\\|p-0.32|\leq 0.022\\\\(0.32-0.022)\leq p \leq (0.32+0.022)\\\\0.298\leq p\leq 0.342$

Thus, the p is most likely to be between the range of 29.8% to 34.2%.

Hence, the conclusion about p using an absolute value inequality is in the range of 29.8% to 34.2%.

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