contestada

A firm is issuing new debt to finance some capital investment project. The firm will issue 20,000 new $1,000 face-value bonds that will mature in 20 years. The bonds have a coupon rate of 8% and are currently priced at par. The flotation costs that are associated with this new bond issue are expected to be $10 per bond. Further, the company has a marginal tax rate of 34%. Given this information, the before-tax cost of debt is _______________.