Answer: lava flows, earthquakes
Explanation:
The primary succession begins in an area, where no life sustains initially. Such regions have no soil thus incapable of sustaining life. The land is considered primitive or underdeveloped.
The lava flow, retreating glaciers, sand dunes, earthquakes are the factors which are responsible for primary succession.
The lava will flow over a surface and will solidify into rocks. The rocks undergo withering. The earthquakes are responsible for disturbing the land.
earthquake, lava flows, severe landslides
Primary succession begins on a bare area, such as rock, without vegetation or soil.
