Answer:
a. What is the manipulated variable? the angle of incidence of the radiant energy
b. What is the responding variable? the rate of temperature rise on the paper surface
c. Identify one controlled variable? the distance of the paper to the lamp
Explanation:
- Manipulated variable: Refers to all the variables in an experiment that provoke a response in another variable. They are also known as independent variables. The researcher can change these variables to see what changes it implies in an object, process, trait, or anything that depends on them. In the exposed example, the researcher manipulates the angle of incidence of the radiant energy to evaluate how it affects the rate of temperature rise of the surface.
- Responding variable: Refers to the dependant variable, which response depends on any change in the independent variable. A change in the dependent variable might be proportional or inversely proportional to the change in the manipulated variable. In the exposed example, the dependent variable is the rate of temperature rise on the paper surface, and its value depends on the angle of the paper.
- Controlled variable: Refers to those variables in an experiment that are controlled and have no influence on the results. These variables do not affect the change in the dependent variable values. In the exposed example the distance to the lamp is the controlled variable, as it was the same for each of his trials.
