Answer:
2. This 1888 map of Africa could be called a map of African colonization by foreign powers, with Europeans controlling most colonies. So, Africa´s borders in the late 19th century were determined according to European colonial interests, they were limits separating colonies, not countries.
3. African colonial-era boundaries were artificial divisions that didn´t take into account local ethnicity, culture and local inhabitants´needs. They only served the selfish purposes of colonial masters. This is why there have been many border, religious and ethnic conflicts after African nations won independence.
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