This question deals with the concepts of the special theory of relativity.
The correct option for the relative velocity of photons will be "B) c".
The special theory of relativity is based upon two postulates. Those two postulates are mentioned below:
1. Validity of Physical Laws:
There is no absolute or preferred inertial frame of reference, that is all the inertial frames are equivalent for the description of all physical laws (Newton’s laws as well as Maxwell’s equations)
2. Constancy of Speed of Light:
The speed of light in a vacuum is the same for all observers in uniform translational relative motion and is independent of the motion of the observer and source. Thus, the speed of light is a universal constant. Its value is 3 x 10⁸ ms⁻¹.
The second postulate clearly indicates that the speed of light, which is equal to the speed of the photons, is a universal constant regardless of any motion of either the observer or the source.
Hence, the relative velocity of photons remains same, that is equal to the velocity of light (c).
The attached picture contains both postulates of the special theory of relativity.
Learn more about the special theory of relativity here:
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