Scientists studied soybean plants grown in sunlit, controlled-environment chambers with a carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration of 700âÎ¼molâCO2/mol of air. The CO2 concentration in the chambers was approximately double that of normal concentrations of environmental CO2. The photosynthetic rate is measured by the amount of CO2 exchange in an area of leaf surface over time. The rate is directly influenced by the activity of the plant enzyme rubisco. During photosynthesis, rubisco fixes atmospheric carbon into an organic molecule as one of the first steps in the Calvin cycle. Scientists measured the amount of carbon fixation that occurred in the leaves of soybean plants grown at each temperature shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Carbon Fixation by Rubisco Under Different Temperatures

Temperature (Â°C) Carbon Fixation +2SE; (umol/m2/s)
25 91 +9
30 96 +5
35 93 +8
40 104 +7
45 71 +7
50 59 +4

Increased amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are correlated with increased global surface temperatures. Based on the data, predict how a surface temperature that continues to rise above 40Â°C most likely affects the amount of energy available to primary consumers in an ecosystem. Provide reasoning to justify your prediction. One model predicts that an increase in greenhouse gases will lead to a 2Â°C increase in average surface temperature on Earth. Based on the data from the experiment and the prediction of an increase in average surface temperature by the model, predict how the locations of plant species are expected to change over time.

More food is available for primary consumer and the bio-geography of plants will be changed when the temperature of the earth is increased due to increase in the carbon-dioxide concentration.

Explanation:

At 40 degree Celsius, more food was produced by the producer due to high carbon-dioxide concentration in the environment and the population of primary consumer increases because food is present in large amount. Food plays an important role in the increase or decrease in the population of organisms.

Increase in the concentration of carbon-dioxide increase the average temperature of the earth surface. Due to this increase in temperature, the bio-geography of plants and animals is greatly affected. Various plants do not grow at that environment after the increase in temperature. So bio-geography of both animals and plants will be changed with the passage of time.