A solution contains 4.5 × 10⁻⁵M HCl so the concentration of hydronium ion is 4.5 × 10⁻⁵M, pH of the solution is 4.34 and concentration of hydroxide ion is 2.2 × 10⁻⁸M.
How do we calculate pH?
pH of any solution will be calculated as pH = -log[H⁺], where
[H⁺] = concentration of H⁺ or H₃O⁺ ion
Given concentration of HCl = 4.5 × 10⁻⁵M
HCl is a strong acid so that it completely dissociates into their ions as:
HCl → H⁺ + Cl⁻
From the stoichiometry, 1 mole of HCl produces 1 mole of H⁺ ion.
Concentration of H⁺ ion = 4.5 × 10⁻⁵M
Now we calculate pH by using the concentration value as:
pH = -log(4.5 × 10⁻⁵)
pH = -(-4.34) = 4.34
Also we know the relation:
[H⁺][OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴
[OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴ / 4.5 × 10⁻⁵ = 2.2 × 10⁻⁸M
Hence required values are (a)4.5 × 10⁻⁵M, (b)4.34 and (c)2.2 × 10⁻⁸M.
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