In working with couples and families, opportunities for ethical practice are increased by combining a systems perspective with traditional approaches. Due to the paradigm shift in the field of psychology to accommodate the changing needs of service recipients:

a. the family systems perspective must focus on individualism, autonomy, and independence.
b. systemic approaches must be taughtside-by-side with individualistic approaches because many cultural groups arecollectivistic.
c. the idea that the identified client's problem is a symptom of the individual's maladjustment and psychosocialdevelopment must be reinforced.
d. the therapist must view the individual's behavior in the session only.