Question

1.
The grouping of organisms based on their common descent is called (1 point)
traditional classification.
binomial nomenclature.
derived characters.
~~evolutionary classification.~~
2.
What kind of analysis focuses on the order in which derived characters appeared in organisms? (1 point)
cladistic analysis
traditional classification analysis
~~taxonomic analysis~~
anatomical analysis
3.
Which of the following is the correct explanation of a derived character? (1 point)
The presence of a backbbackbone.
The presence of four limbs is a derived character of snakes because the ancestors of modern snakes had limbs, even though modern snakes do not.
~~The presence of hair is a derived character of mammals because all mammals have hair and no animals other than mammals have it.~~
Retractable claws are a derived character of carnivors because some of the animals that are carnivores have retractable claws.
4.
Each node on a cladogram represents (1 point)
the last point at which two groups shared a common ancestor.
the point at which one or more species became extinct.
the most recent point at which a trait was lost in a certain clade.
~~the point at which two clades joined and became monophyletic.~~
5.
DNA evidence (1 point)
can solve evolutionary puzzles, such as how to classify organisms that look similar to one species but share peculiar behaviors with another.
is not as reliable as physical characteristics or behaviors when used to classify organisms and determine evolutionary relationships.
~~has not resulted in any changes to cladograms that were created using observable traits or behaviors. ~~
can be used to classify organisms that are very different from each other, but not organisms that have close evolutionary relationships.

Answer 1

1-The correct answers is C- evolutionary classification.
Evolutionary classification/taxonomy is a branch of biological classification. The objective is to classify organisms and group them based on their shared descent, progenitor-descendant relationship and degree of evolutionary change. Now this classification can be done by comparing DNA sequences of the organisms and seeing how many they have in common

2- The correct answer is A-cladistic analysis.
A cladistic analysis is focused on categorizing the organisms based on their derived characters. And what is that? that means they are getting categorized
according to their evolutionary relationships( from ancestral characters).
So, species are going to be classified according to how recent their common ancestor is. If two species have a more recent ancestor they will end up in the same group
If the common ancestor between them is far, the distance between the respective taxa will be bigger.

3- The correct answers is C.
A derived character is a characteristic that appeared throughout evolution, still remains in a lot of different taxonomic groups and allows us to identify those groups.
From the options given, C is the only correct one because the presence of hair (a derived character)  only exists in mammals( the group). Other animals don't share that trait.


4-The answer is A.
In each node, a taxon was only one but then was divided into two taxa. Therefore, each node will represent a common ancestor of the taxon.
The correct option is A because the last node or terminal node is the hypothetical last common ancestor of the taxon on the cladogram.

5-  The correct answer is A.-DNA can solve evolutionary puzzles.
Dna has been helping understand how an organism is similar to more than one species, and that way, we can classify the organism the best way possible.
This can be achieved by comparing the nucleotides of the organism we want to classify, with other species. There are databases that have all the DNA sequenced so, what's left to do is count the common nucleotides and their positions.

Answer 2

1 ---- C

2 ---- A

3 ---- C

4 ---- A

5 ---- A