Question

Looking at a cell under a microscope, you note that it is a prokaryote. How do you know? (1 point)

(a)The cell lacks cytoplasm.
(b)The cell lacks a cell membrane.
(c)The cell lacks a nucleus.
(d)The cell lacks genetic material.

Answer 1

The correct option is C.
There are basically two types of cells, they are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. The eurkaryotic cell is a well developed cell that is usually find in multi cellular organisms while the prokaryotic cell is usually find in unicellular organisms. The prokaryotic cell is typically described as a primitive cell because it lacks nucleus and do not possess most of the remaining cell organelles. The organisms that possess prokaryotic cells are called prokaryotes. Examples of such organisms are bacteria and archaea.
Instead of nucleus, prokayotes possess a nucleiod region which contains the cell's DNA. Prokaryotic cells also possess cell wall, cytoplasm and ribosomes.

Answer 2

A prokaryotic cell is devoid of a nucleus, unlike a eukaryotic cell.

Further Explanation:

A prokaryote is a single-celled organism that does not contain a distinct nucleus. It also lacks other membrane-bound organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, chloroplast, and Golgi apparatus. For example, E. coli, archea, streptococcus bacteria, and Streptomyces bacteria. The region containing the DNA is called nucleoid. The nucleoid is not membrane bound.

The genetic material (DNA), proteins and other metabolites are present within the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell surrounded by a cell membrane and not in separate cellular compartments. Certain bacteria also contain flagellin protein which makes the flagellum required for chemotaxis. The physiological response of a bacteria in the direction of increasing or decreasing the concentration gradient of a particular molecule is chemotaxis.

The prokaryotes or bacteria might acquire four basic shapes: cocci, spiral, bacilli, and vibrio. A coccus shape represents a bacterium which is ovoid or spherical in appearance. A bacterium is called spiral when it contains spiral-shaped twisted rods. Some other bacteria have either cylindrical or comma-shaped and are hence called as bacillus or vibrio, respectively. The bacterial and archaeal species perform asexual reproduction, for example, binary fission.

On the other hand, the eukaryotes are multicellular as well as unicellular. The unicellular eukaryotes are algae, protozoa, and phytoplankton whereas, the multicellular eukaryotes are animals, brown algae, green algae, and fungi. The organelles present in the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell are mitochondria, chloroplast, nucleus, and Golgi apparatus. These organelles are bound by a membrane on the outside. The major part of DNA is present in the nucleus which is surrounded by a nuclear membrane whereas; mitochondria and chloroplast also contain some of the genetic material in the case of animals and plants respectively.

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Biology

Chapter: Cell- The Unit of Life

Keywords:

Eukaryotes, prokaryotes, DNA, genetic material, membrane-bound organelles, nucleus, nucleoid, mitochondria, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, multicellular, unicellular, single-celled organism, flagellum, flagellin.