Answer:
The redshift data does not support the Big Bang Theory and without the redshift interpretation favored by the Big bang, there is no Big Bang.
Edwin Hubble did not believe that the redshift indicated expansion. Hubble saw the redshift as an hitherto unrecognized principle of nature. The redshift is the effect of centripetal force mv2/r = mv2/ct = v/c(mv/t) = v/c(p/t)= (v/c)m
The unrecognized principle of nature is the refraction effect of gravity on light.
n=c/v or v= c/n.
The Universe is older than 13.7 Billion years, likely around 16.5 billion years.
The proper law of Gravity is W = -mGM/r + cmV = -mu/r + cP where cP is the so-called "Dark Energy", or the actual vector Momentum Energy cmV= cP. This is The Quaternion Universe with scalar and vector energy!
Hope this helps!
