Question

Cellular respiration included the metabolic pathways of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain, as represented in the figures. In cellular respiration, carbohydrates and other metabolites are oxidized, and the resulting energy-transfer reactions support the synthesis of ATP.

Using the information above, describe ONE contribution of each of the following in ATP synthesis.
1. Catabolism of glucose in glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation.
2. Oxidation of intermediates in the Krebs cycle.
3. Formation of a proton gradient by the electron transport chain.

Answer 1

Cellular respiration included the metabolic pathways of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain is described below.

Explanation:

1. Catabolism of glucose in glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation-Produces NADH for use in ETC.Produces acetyl-CoA for entry into kerbs cycle.Provides energy for phosphorylation of ADP.

2. Oxidation of intermediates in the Krebs cycle-Produces NADH or FADH2 for use in ETC.Releases high energy electrons for use in ETC.Provides energy to pump protons against their concentration gradient.Produces GTP for phosphorylation of ADP.

3. Formation of a proton gradient by the electron transport chain-The flow of protons through membrane-bound ATP synthase generates ATP.Provides energy for phosphorylation of ADP.

Answer 2

Cellular respiration include the metabolic pathways of glycolysis, the Krebs

cycle, and the electron transport chain which perform different roles in

ensuring ATP is produced by the cells.

1.Catabolism of glucose in glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation-This process

facilitates the production of NADH which is used in the electron transport

chain.  It also produces acetyl-CoA which is the starting substrate which

enters into the Kreb's cycle and energy used for phosphorylation of ADP to

form ATP.

2. Oxidation of intermediates in the Krebs cycle- This results in NADH or

FADH₂ being produced and used in the electron transport chain. It also

produces GTP (guanosine triphosphate) used in the phosphorylation of ADP

to form ATP.

3.Formation of a proton gradient by the electron transport chain-The flow of protons through membrane-bound ATP synthase provides energy used phosphorylation of ADP to form ATP.

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