The factor limits the number of eclipses per year is the inclination of the moon's orbit around the earth.
Eclipses are part of the phenomena known as syzygy, which occur when a planet or the Moon is in line with the Earth and the Sun.
For an eclipse to occur, the Moon must be in the same plane as the Earth and the Sun, a plane that, precisely to facilitate eclipses, is called the 'Plane of the Ecliptic'.
The plane of the Moon's orbit is inclined with respect to the ecliptic, approximately 5.1º.
This causes that during the movement of the Moon around the Earth, the Moon only touches the plane of the ecliptic at two points.
Due to this inclination between the orbits, and as eclipses require the almost perfect alignment of the three stars (Sun, Earth and Moon), eclipses occur very few times throughout the year.
Therefore, we can conclude that the factor limits the number of eclipses per year is the inclination of the moon's orbit around the earth.
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