Jacque learned to speak Italian when she was in the first grade and was able to speak, read, and write Italian fairly well by the fourth grade. She moved to a new school system that did not have Italian as a choice for World Languages, so she decided to take Spanish. Sometimes she found herself saying and writing words in Italian as she completed her Spanish assignments. Often, she remembered the vocabulary in Italian before she said the word in Spanish. Sometimes she felt like knowing Italian helped her learn Spanish, but sometimes she thought it just confused her! When Jacque was in her Spanish classroom, she felt more at ease with the Spanish language. When she went to a French restaurant, she was frustrated because the menu was unreadable to her. Use an example to show how each concept is related to Jacque's experiences.

short-term memory, this short term memory focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. An example will be that Jacque has to focus on what the teacher is saying and recall the correct vocabulary word when she is asked a question.

Explicit memory can be defined as a memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and declare. Can also be called declarative memory

An example is that to Define vocabulary words in any language relies on explicit memory.

Effortful processing refers to such encoding that requires attention and conscious effort.

An example is that when reading, Jacque has to pay attention to the words and sentence construction to understand what is being conveyed.

Context-dependent memory focuses on the need to put yourself back in the context where you experienced something to enable your memory in its retrieval.

An example will be that Jacque seems to be able to remember her Spanish best when in her Spanish classroom.

Proactive interference talks basically about the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information.

An example will be that Jacque learned Italian before she learned Spanish, and so sometimes her prior knowledge of Italian interferes with her recall of Spanish words.