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Answer:
ABO blood grouping system is based on presence or absence of three types of antigen on red blood cells. A and B blood group have A and B antigens respectively. AB blood group has both A and B antigens. O blood group does not have any antigen.
A body with particular blood type will consider other blood group foreign ( because it has different antigen ) and produce antibodies against it. A person with blood type A can not be given B type blood because the antibodies in his body will destroy RBCs with B antigen which may even prove fatal.
AB blood type person can receive blood from both A and B blood groups because he has antigens for both of them so it will produce antibodies for neither of them. He can also receive O type blood because O blood does not have any antigen so it can be given to any person without incompatibility reaction.
However, AB individual can only donate blood to AB individual because his blood cells have both A and B antigens. So, he can only donate blood to an individual who does not produce antibodies for both A and B blood groups and that would only be another AB blood type individual.
The AB blood types are universal recipients, however, they can donate blood to only individuals possessing AB blood type.
• The individuals with AB blood type are universal recipients as they possess no antibodies to A, B in their blood, and thus, can get red blood cells from a donor of any type of blood.
• The individuals with AB blood type exhibit both A and B antigens at the red blood cell's surface, while other blood types either have A or B, or may lack them altogether, that is, found in blood group O.
• Due to this specific combination, the AB blood individuals are able to donate blood only to the individuals with AB blood type.
Thus, AB blood types are universal recipient, that is, they can get blood from any blood type, but can donate blood to the individuals only possessing the same blood type.
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