The AFN equation assumes that the ratios of assets and liabilities to sales remain constant over time. However, this assumption can be relaxed when we use the forecasted financial statement method. Three conditions where constant ratios cannot be assumed are economies of scale, lumpy assets, and excess capacity.A. TrueB. False

AFN which is "additional funds needed" is a concept used commonly in business looking to expand operations and influence. Since a business that seeks to increase its sales level will require more assets to meet that stated goal, some provision must be made to accommodate the change in assets. AFN is a way of calculating how much of new funds will be needed, so that the firm can realistically look at whatever or not they will be able to generate the additional funds and therefore be able to achieve the higher sales level.

Economies of scale are cost advantage reaped by companies when production becomes efficient. Firms can achieve economies of scale by increasing production and lowering cost. This does not involve calculating of new funds needed for a realistic expansion of the firm.

Lumpy assets are assets that cannot be acquired in small increments but must be obtained in large, discrete units.

Excess Capacity indicates to a situation in which the demand for a company's goods and services is less than its production capacity. This situation can arise in any firm during the low point in a seasonal industry, where capacity is maintained to match the peak part of the season.

A constant ration can not be meet in this condition of economies of scale, lumpy assets, and excess capacity as these conditions can not be used in raising funds or additional funds that are needed by the industry in its expansion.