Question

The production capacity for acrylonitrile (C3H3N) in the United States exceeds 2 million pounds per year. Acrylonitrile, the building block for polyacrylonitrile fibers and a variety of plastics, is produced from gaseous propylene, ammonia, and oxygen.
2 C3H6(g) + 2 NH3(g) + 3 O2(g) → 2 C3H3N(g) + 6 H2O(g)
(a) What mass of acrylonitrile can be produced from a mixture of 1.20 kg of propylene (C3H6), 1.60 kg of ammonia, and 1.79 kg of oxygen, assuming 100% yield?
g
(b) What mass of water is produced?
g

Which starting materials are left in excess? (Select all that apply.)
propyleneammoniaoxygen
What mass of propylene is left in excess?
g
What mass of ammonia is left in excess?
g
What mass of oxygen is left in excess?
g

Answer 1

Answer:

1.514 kg of acrylonitrile can be produced.

1.543 kg of water can be produced.

Mass of ammonia left : 13.08 mol

Mass of oxygen gas left  0.418 kg

Explanation:

$2 C_3H_6(g) + 2NH_3(g) + 3O_2(g)\rightarrow 2C_3H_3N(g) + 6H_2O(g)$

Mass of propylene = 1.20 kg = 1200 g

( 1kg = 1000 g)

Mass of ammonia = 1.60 kg = 1600 g

Mass of oxygen gas = 1.79 kg = 1790 g

Moles of propylene = $\frac{1200 g}{42g/mol}=28.57 mol$

Moles of ammonia = $\frac{1600 g}{17 g/mol}=94.12 mol$

Moles of oxygen gas = $\frac{1790 g}{32 g/mol}=55.94 mol$

According to reaction, 2 moles of propylene reacts with 2 moles of ammonia, then 28.57 moles of propylene will reacts with :

$\frac{2}{2}\times 28.57 mol=28.57 mol$ of ammonia

According to reaction, 2 moles of propylene reacts with 3 moles of oxygen gas , then 28.57 moles of propylene will reacts with :

$\frac{3}{2}\times 28.57 mol=42.86 mol$ of oxygen gas

As we cans see that propylene is present in limiting amount and ammonia and oxygen are present in an excess.So, mass of acrylonitrile will depend upon moles of propylene.

According to reaction, 2 moles of propylene gives with 2 moles of acrylonitrile, then 28.57 moles of propylene will give :

$\frac{2}{2}\times 28.57 mol=28.57 mol$ of acrylonitrile

Mass of 28.57 moles of acrylonitrile:

28.57 mol × 53 g/mol = 1,514.21 g

1,514.21 g = 1,514.21 × 0.001 kg = 1.514 kg  (1 g = 0.001 kg)

1.514 kg of acrylonitrile can be produced.

b)

According to reaction, 2 moles of propylene gives with 6 moles of water , then 28.57 moles of propylene will give :

$\frac{6}{2}\times 28.57 mol=85.71 mol$ of water

Mass of 85.71 moles of water:

85.71 mol × 18 g/mol = 1,542.78 g

1,542.78 g = 1,542.78 × 0.001 kg = 1.543 kg  (1 g = 0.001 kg)

1.543 kg of water can be produced.

c)

Ammonia and oxygen gas are in excess ,so they will be left after the reaction.

Moles of ammonia left = 94.12 mol - 28.57 mol = 65.55 mol

Mass of ammonia left :

65.55 mol × 17 g/mol = 1,114.35 g = 1.114 kg

Moles of oxygen gas left = 55.94 mol - 42.86 mol = 13.08 mol

Mass of oxygen gas left ;

13.08 mol × 32 g/mol = 418.56 g = 0.418 kg

Answer 2

a) Mass of acrylonitrile is 1.514 kg.

(b) Mass of water is 1.543 kg

(c) Mass of ammonia left is 13.08 mol

(d) Mass of oxygen gas left is 0.418 kg

Chemical reaction:

$2 C_3H_6(g) + 2 NH_3(g) + 3 O_2(g) -----> 2 C_3H_3N(g) + 6 H_2O(g)$

Mass of propylene = 1200 g

Mass of ammonia = 1600 g

Mass of oxygen gas = 1790 g

What are Number of moles:

It is defined as given mass over molar mass.

$\text{Number of moles}=\frac{\text{Given mass}}{\text{Molar mass}}$

Moles of propylene = $\frac{1200}{42} =28.57 moles$

Moles of ammonia = $\frac{1600}{17} =94.12 moles$

Moles of oxygen gas = $\frac{1790}{32} =55.94 moles$

a) From the reaction, 2 moles of propylene reacts with 2 moles of ammonia, then 28.57 moles of propylene will reacts with$\frac{2}{2} *28.57 moles=28.57 moles$ of ammonia

From the reaction, 2 moles of propylene reacts with 3 moles of oxygen gas , then 28.57 moles of propylene will reacts with$\frac{3}{2} *28.57=42.86 moles$  of oxygen gas.

As we can see that propylene is present in limiting amount and ammonia and oxygen are present in an excess. So, mass of acrylonitrile will depend upon moles of propylene. According to reaction, 2 moles of propylene gives with 2 moles of acrylonitrile, then 28.57 moles of propylene will give, $\frac{2}{2} *28.57 moles=28.57 moles$ of acrylonitrile.

Mass of 28.57 moles of acrylonitrile 28.57 mol × 53 g/mol = 1,514.21 g 1,514.21 g = 1,514.21 × 0.001 kg = 1.514 kg 1.514 kg of acrylonitrile can be produced.

b )From the reaction, 2 moles of propylene gives with 6 moles of water , then 28.57 moles of propylene will give, $\frac{6}{2}*28.57=85.71 moles$ of water.

Mass of 85.71 moles of water: 85.71 mol × 18 g/mol = 1,542.78 g1,542.78 g = 1,542.78 × 0.001 kg = 1.543 kg (1 g = 0.001 kg)1.543 kg of water can be produced.

c)Ammonia and oxygen gas are in excess ,so they will be left after the reaction.

Moles of ammonia left = 94.12 mol - 28.57 mol = 65.55 mol

Mass of ammonia left :65.55 mol × 17 g/mol = 1,114.35 g = 1.114 kg

d) Moles of oxygen gas left = 55.94 mol - 42.86 mol = 13.08 mol

Mass of oxygen gas left :13.08 mol × 32 g/mol = 418.56 g = 0.418 kg

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