Answer: is option a) Flattened management hierarchies.
Explanation.
The flattened hierarchies allows employee participation or involvement through a decentralized decision making process. The main agenda is that well trained employees will become more productive by direct involvement in decision making process rather than strictly supervised by various layers of management. A flat organization is referred to an organization containing less or no levels of management between workers and management. As in the given case certain number of layers are removed and workers will now directly reporting to the national sale manager instead of regional sales manager so this is clearly referred to flattened management hierarchies.
