Answer:
A) Flattened management hierarchies
Explanation:
Organizations are usually shaped like pyramids, with the vast majority of the employees being at the bottom of the pyramid, and the number of supervisors and managers shrinking as you go up. Traditional organizations tend to have a lot of management levels and are very tall, while more modern organizations have much fewer management levels and are much shorter and flatter.
In this case, since two management levels have been eliminated, the organizational pyramid is shorter and flatter.