Answer:
Narrow spans of management ensure that employees operate efficiently.
Centralized decision making allows the organization to place tighter controls on the way work is done and, in the process, achieve economies of scale.
Explanation: When the spans of management is narrow, proper supervising and controlling and coordination of work is done to achieve effective and efficient work done by the Employees.
A centralised decision making process helps the Organisation to have a tight control on its spendings and in the way work is done, this will help the Organisation to cut cost and take strategic decisions for organisational growth and development.