Question

The public policy process involves interactions between congress and the bureaucracy.(a)Identify the primary role of congress in the policy process.The primary function of Congress is to pass rules that all Americans must obey, a function calledlawmaking. Many of the bills considered by Congress originate with the executive branch, butonly Congress can create laws. Parties, interest groups, and constituents all influence membersof Congress in their vote choices, and members also compromise and negotiate with oneanother to reach agreements.(b)Explain how divided party control of congress can make the policy process difficult.To pass legislation both house has to be agreed but that's not what happen sometimes. Itsmean that is very hard to pass legislation on both sides. Most of the time if legislation passthrough on house. It’s more likely to die in the other house. (c)Identify the primary role of the bureaucracy in the policy process.Bureaucracy is responsible for ensuring the policies and programs enacted by Congress andthe executive departments are carried out. The bureaucracy performs three primary tasks ingovernment: implementation, administration, and regulation. When Congress passes a law, itsets down guidelines to carry out the new policies. Actually putting these policies into practice isknown as implementation.(d) Explain how one of the following increases the power of the bureaucracy in the policyprocess.RulemakingBureaucratic discretion: The exercise of professional expertise and judgment, asopposed to strict adherence to regulations or statutes, in making a decision orperforming official acts or duties. A discretionary action is informal and, therefore,unprotected by the safeguards inherent in formal procedure. It created bycongress and acts are signed into the law by the president.(e) Explain how each of the following enables congress to limit the power of thebureaucracy.Oversight hearings: Congress is able to oversee federal bureaucracy by holding thefunding that will support the bureaucracy; Congress is also able to initiate and conductinvestigations on any bureaucracy that it deems necessary. Many of the agencies thatare run by Congress must undergo periodic evaluations. This ensures that the agenciesare acting the way they are supposed to and are upholding all of the regulations thathave been imposed on them.Power of the purse: Congress controls appropriations. President may request fundingbut congress can deny such requests. Appointment confirmation: president can appointofficials, but senate can reject those appointments

Answer 1

Answer:

The federal bureaucracy performs the primary tasks in government : implementation , administration , and regulation , when congress passes a law , it sets down guidelines to carry out the new policies , actually putting these policies into practices is known as implementation

Explanation:

The public policy  process involves interactions between congress and the bureaucracy is rule making: bureaucrats write the specific regulations that determine the implementation of the of the public policy but congress makes, writes and passes the legislation/policy , which enhances the bureaucratic power , bureaucratic discretion: individual bureaucrats/agencies have to make choices about how to implement existing laws, which enhances bureaucratic power or appropriations (reward/punish), legislation (pass legislation to affect the bureaucracy), legislation is more difficult to pass when one party controls the house and the other controls the Senate rejection of presidential appointments, impeachment of executive officials. Oversight hearings: monitor through hearings; investigations; accounting power of the purse: increase/decrease budget; shift spending; punish/reward agencies; kill a program