Answer:
2) rough ER, transport vesicles, Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane
Explanation:
Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by the pancreatic cells which are considered as the endocrine gland. Since the insulin is a peptide hormone, therefore, it follows the same path of secretion as other peptides follow.
The insulin peptide is produced by the ribosomes present on the endoplasmic reticulum. The insulin thus has to undergo certain modifications so the peptide is packaged in the transport vesicle and reaches the cis face of the Golgi apparatus.
There the peptide is modified and from there again packaged into the transport vesicles. The transport vesicles than reaches the cell membrane and fuse with the cell membrane and then released into the blood by exocytosis.
Thus, Option-2 is correct.
The route of insulin from its production to its exit from the cell is rough ER >> transport vesicles >> Golgi apparatus >> transport vesicles >> cell membrane (Option 2).
The endomembrane system is a group of membranes and organelles that is required for the synthesis and transport of proteins and lipids.
The main components of the endomembrane system include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, transport vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope.
The insulin is synthesized as a precursor called preproinsulin in the ribosomes bound to the rough ER. This precursor (preproinsulin) is cleaved to proinsulin in the rough ER.
Subsequently, proinsulin travels via vesicle transport to the Golgi apparatus.
Proinsulin is finally cleaved to insulin and C-peptide in the Golgi apparatus of pancreatic cells and packaged into transport vesicles that fuse at the cell membrane in order to form secretory vesicles.
In conclusion, the route of insulin from its production to its exit from the cell is rough ER >> transport vesicles >> Golgi apparatus >> transport vesicles >> cell membrane (Option 2).
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