Two students studying physiology taste a known "bitter" substance, and both report sensing bitterness. They then sample another substance. Student A reports sensing both a bitter taste and a salty taste, but student B reports only a salty taste. What is the most logical explanation?(A) Student A had an allergic reaction to the food causing him to perceive the food as being bitter
(B) Student A has normal "bitter" taste buds; student B has defective "bitter" taste buds that result in lower sensitivity to bitterness
(C) Student A has a protein receptor capable of detecting a bitter molecule found in that substance, whereas student B lacks that particles protein receptor
(D) Student A has normal saliva, whereas student B's saliva is more alkaline than normal

Student A has a protein receptor capable of detecting a bitter molecule found in that substance, whereas student B lacks that particles protein receptor

Explanation:

The sensory organs helps to respond to the change in the external and internal environment. The five main types of sense organs are eyes, ears, nose, skin and tongue.

Tongue contains different types of taste buds and taste receptors that helps to distinguish between the different types of food. The receptors are mainly responsible for the taste detection. The student B is unable to taste the bitter molecule because they lacks the receptor.

Thus, the correct answer is option (c)