Lightning is an example of static electricity, In a thunder cloud, moisture causes the
cloud to get heavier and move closer to the earth. As it does, the cloud rubs the
atmosphere and removes electrons, The bottom of the cloud becomes negatively
charged and the top becomes positively charged. The electrons on the earth are
repelled by the negatively charged bottom of the cloud. A discharge can occur
between the bottom of the cloud and the earth. This discharge is seen as lightning, A
lightning bolt is created through which of the following processes?

Conduction: this method occurs when two objects are touching each other - if at least one of the two objects is electrically charged (=it has excess of charge), then charges flows from one object to the other one.
Friction: this method occurs when one object is rubbed against another one. Due to different electronic affinity, one of the two objects "takes" electrons from the other one during the process, and therefore, at the end there will be an excess of negative charge on one object and an excess of positive charge on the other one.
Induction: this method is a transfer of charge by a distance. This occurs when one of the two objects is electrically charge, and due to its electric field, it induces the charges on the other objects to separate and move into opposite directions inside the object (following the direction of the electric field).

For the process of lightning bold, we see that the two objects involved are:

- The thunder cloud

- The ground

We see that the two "objects" are not touching each other: therefore, the method of transfer of charge in this case is induction (since the excess of electric charge in the cloud induces the charges on the Earth to "separate", moving into opposite directions).

Learn more about electric fields:

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