Answer: Judgement
Explanation:
Research or scholarship misconduct is defined as occurrence of error because of fabrication, alteration, plagiarism, forgery etc.It can take place while, performing research, recording the observation of research, reviewing or any other step.
Honest errors are not the part of research misconduct because they are expected to happen by any researching member by mistake. It is not included in research misconduct while making any judgement or explanation.