The variables that can be used are student's score in the first exam, student's score in the final exam, student's challenges with the course, and whether the student completed all the course.
A variable can be defined as a factor that is considered when studying a phenomenon
Although there are many possible variables, these four variables are appropriate because they directly relate to the phenomenon this person wants to study.
The first two variables are numerical because you can describe scores only through numbers. However, the two last variables are categorical, for example, challenges can be described based on categories such as difficulties understanding the content, exams, homework, etc.
Considering there are many students and it might be very challenging to collect data of all the students, the best for this instructor is to collect a sample or to randomly select a representative number of students and use the information collected to conclude all students.
This study is multivariate because multiple variables or factors are involved. A univariate study will involve only one factor.
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