Answer:
Segregation of homologous chromosomes randomly during anaphase-I results in the independent assortment.
Segregation of sister chromatids during anaphase-II explains the law of segregation.
Explanation:
The law of segregation tells about the separation of two alleles of a gene during the formation of gametes. It results in the presence of a single allele for each gene in gametes. This occurs since the sister chromatids separate during anaphase-II of meiosis. It separates the two alleles of genes present on sister chromatids of a chromosome.
The law of independent assortment tells about the random separation of alleles of two different genes to the gametes. This occurs since the chromosomes of a homologous pair align themselves randomly at the metaphase plate during metaphase-I. It results in their random segregation to the opposite poles of the cell. Therefore, the alleles of two different genes present on different chromosomes are randomly distributed to gametes. It forms some new allele combinations that were not present in the parents.
