Question

One of the central themes in biology is how DNA, RNA, and proteins are related. Describe how genetic information flows between those types of molecules. Include the results of the processes of transcription and translation. Be specific when describing both transcription and translation.

Answer 1

Answer:Genetic information flows from  DNA to RNA and to proteins.

Explanation: messenger RNA is produced from DNA in a process called transcription which is catalyzed by an enzyme system called RNA polymerase. RNA polymerase copies the DNA template into an messenger RNA sequence. Transcription has three stages: initiation, elongation and termination. Initiation is the beginning of the process of transcription, elongation is the addition of nucleotide units to the messenger RNA sequence while termination is the end of transcription process. Then, the messenger RNA moves to the ribosome where the genetic code (codons) contained in the messenger RNA strand is read and copied into a polypeptide chain (an amino acid sequences) with the help of a transfer RNA. This process is called translation. The polypeptide chain undergoes posttranslational processes to form proteins