Answer:
It is necessary that the molecules have an atom of H attached to a highly electronegative atom such as N, O, F and also the molecule has to have a solitary pair of electrons more specifically in a small highly electronegative atom such as N, O F.
Explanation:
Hydrogen bonds, also known as hydrogen bridge bonds, are a type of bond that is found within intermolecular forces, which are a type of attractive forces that exist between molecules of covalent substances, being the hydrogen bond, a particular type of dipole-dipole electrostatic interaction, which occurs between a hydrogen atom, which is formed by a highly polarized covalent bond, and a small-sized atom, with a strongly electronegative character, as you can be the F, O and N.
It can be said that the hydrogen bond is a Van der Waals dipole-dipole force, but of a very strong character, but even weaker than a normal ionic or covalent bond can be.
Taking into account the definition of dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonds, hydrogen bonds are intermolecular bonds that are established between Hydrogen and electronegative atoms (with a tendency to attract electrons), such as Fluorine, Oxygen or Nitrogen. In this way, the hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge while the other atom has a partial negative charge.
The dipole-dipole forces are forces of attraction between polar molecules. These molecules attract when the positive end of one of them is close to the negative of the other.
On the other side, hydrogen bonds are a type of dipole-dipole force. In this interaction, a molecule that presents hydrogen interacts with another that presents an atom with high electronegativity, such as oxygen, fluorine or nitrogen (O, F, N).
In this way, between the hydrogen, which has a low electronegativity and the electronegative atom, an interaction is established, due to their opposite charges.
In summary, hydrogen bonds are intermolecular bonds that are established between Hydrogen and electronegative atoms (with a tendency to attract electrons), such as Fluorine, Oxygen or Nitrogen. In this way, the hydrogen atom has a partial positive charge while the other atom has a partial negative charge.
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