The following statement
'In general, men who took drug x maintained or increased the number of visible scalp hairs; while scalp hairs counts in men who took the placebo continued to decrease'
can be referred as descriptive statistics, since we are saying that the msot of the men who took the drug gain scalp hairs while the contrary happened from those men who took placebo.
On the other hand, the statement
'drug x is effective in maintaining or increasing the amount of scalp hair in men'
Is a deduction you make, so it can be referred as inferential statistics