Answer:
d. Nucleus, rough ER, transitional vesicle, Golgi apparatus, secretory vesicle
Explanation:
The process of protein synthesis begins in the nucleus with transcription. Specific mRNA of the complementary DNA code of the protein to be synthesize is copied. The mRNA binds to the DNA molecule template by enzyme RNA polymerase; this enzyme binds the mRNA at the promoter site of the DNA and the bases joined together by hydrogen bonds.This is transcription. When full complementary of the mRNA from the template DNA has been copied they are releases by the enzyme RNA polymerase at terminator. The mRNA leaves the nucleus through the nuclear pore for the nucleus.
The mRNA binds to the ribosomes which are mostly attached to the endopalsmic reticulum, and are therefore called rough endoplasmic reticulum or drifting freely in the cytoplasm. tRNA molecules are present in the cytoplasm. they have two ends; one end for binding with triplet of bases(anticodons) and the other end for amino acid attachments on the mRNA(codons). This is initiation, and it takes place in the cytoplasm.
Trasnslation
The complementary binding leads to formation of sequence of amino acid polypeptide chains,.it is catalysed by the enzyme peptidyl transferase,on the small ribosome small sub units; in presence of ATPs, the first codon is usually AUG, for the amino acid methionine. It terminates at the stop condon ;UAA,UAG It is called translation, because the mRNA is translated to polypepetide chains of amino acids on the small unit of ribosomes, the location.
The polypeptide chains of amino acids are transported through the transport vesicles to the Golgi cisternae ( Golgi apparatus).for processing and sorting.
They are moved by cisternae migration to trans-golgi reticulum,,where the are sorted out,From here they are transported to the trans-Golgi network;for onward transportation into the secretory vesicles and transport vesicles. The latter fused with the plasma membrane , and secreted to the outside by Exocytosis.
Proteins stored in the secretory vesicles usually stimulus for exocytosis, thus are not immediately available for secretion
