The question is incomplete as it does not have the option which are:
A) a monophyletic taxon.
B) an ingroup, with species U as the outgroup.
C) a paraphyletic group.
D) a polyphyletic group.
Answer:
C) a paraphyletic group.
Explanation:
Phylogenetics is the branch of science which studies the evolutionary relationship between organisms on the basis of which they are represented in the form of a tree with ancestors at the bottom called a phylogenetic tree.
The phylogenetic tree is used to study the relation between the organism on the basis of shared ancestry between them. These organisms are grouped into one of the three types: monophyletic, paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups.
In the given question, the groups share a common ancestor T but do not involve the U and V. Such group which includes the most common ancestor of the all the organisms but do not involve all of its descendants like U and V are known as a paraphyletic group.
Thus, a paraphyletic group is the correct answer.
