Mendel did experiments in which he kept track of the inheritance of seed texture (wrinkled or smooth). First he created true-breeding lines: parents with smooth seeds produced offspring with smooth seeds, and parents with wrinkled seeds produced offspring with wrinkled seeds. When he crossed wrinkled and smooth peas from these true-breeding lines, all of the offspring were smooth.

(1) Which trait is dominant?
(2) What happened when he crossed members of the F1 generation? (in terms of phenotypic outcomes and genotypic outcomes).
(3) What would have happened had he crossed members of the F1 generation with individuals from a true-breeding line (the F0 generation) with smooth seeds? (again, in terms of phenotypic outcomes and genotypic outcomes).
(4) What about crosses between the F1 generation and the wrinkled-seed true-breeding line? (once more, in terms of phenotypic outcomes and genotypic outcomes).

2) The F1 generation contains the genotype Bb. They will be crossed to form BB: Bb: bb (1: 2:1). The individuals will have the probability of 25% homozygous smooth, 50% heterozygous smooth, 25% wrinkled

B b

B BB Bb

b Bb bb

3) This cross would have shown that there would have been a possibility of 50% homozygous smooth and 50% heterozygous smooth.

B B

B BB BB

b Bb Bb

4) This cross would have resulted in offsprings having a chance of 50% wrinkled and 50% being heterozygous smooth.

B b

b Bb bb

Explanation: