2. Previously India was controlled by the East India Company. On 1 January 1857, the authority transferred to Queen Victoria as she declared herself as the Empress of India. Although she controlled India even before that, this gesture was to bring herself closer to India.
3. The British rule in India was draconian in nature. People resisted the rule at the cost of their lives and fought for independence. The idea of nationalism also ventured into India and people began to realize the need for independence and it was then they decided to fight for it.
4. The massacre was followed by more intense protests. However the reaction of the British was even more brutal. Fearing more violence, Mahatma Gandhi called off the protest. This was followed by Rabindranath Tagore renouncing his knighthood as a symbol of protest against the cruelty of the British inflicted on the Indians.
5. Mahatma Gandhi served as a barrister in South Africa. It was there he realized that the intensity of the racial discrimination the people were facing there. He renounced wearing western clothes and chose to wear a cotton dhoti instead. He burnt the laws which racially discriminated the British from the Indians in a public gathering.
6. People who were a part of the civil disobedience movement aimed at achieving purna swaraj, also known as complete self-governance from the British. It was then they decided to disobey the civil rights and obligations as a symbol of freedom struggle.
7. Mahatma Gandhi, along with Jawaharlal Nehru (who represented the Indian National Congress) and many followers hoisted the tricolour on the banks of the river Ravi in Lahore. The Indian National Congress gave the responsibility to Mahatma Gandhi to lead the movement and this was followed by them declaring that they will fight for purna swaraj i.e., complete self-rule from the British. It was then the civil disobedience movement began
8. The salt march was the initial stages of civil disobedience. Mahatma Gandhi felt that an item of daily use like salt is something which can be relatable to all the Indians, regardless of caste, creed or religion. When the protests began to rise, it was then people began to realize the importance of salt and accompanied Mahatma Gandhi in the salt march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi .
9. Partition of India was one of the outcomes of the independence movement. It was in this stage the British India was divided into India and Pakistan.
10. Mohammed Ali Jinnah propagated the idea of a country exclusively for Muslims as he felt that if Muslims stayed in India they will become a minority and will be forced to discrimination. After independence people had the option to either migrate to Pakistan or stay in India. This was followed by mass exodus of people from both sides at the cost of a lot of violence.
