Answer:
a. a republic as opposed to a pure democracy
Explanation:
James Maddison in Federalists Papers n.10 argues that Constitution should be a formation of a happy combination between republic and a democracy, which would result in a decentralized governmental structure.
He considers pure democracy as a system in which every citizen votes directly for laws, and with republic he intends a society in which citizens elect a small body of representatives who vote for laws. He argues that interests of a community are better for them, because the decisions of individuals are influenced by their self-interest. Republic better controls the opposing sides of people's interests than effects of pure democracy.