i) The lowest temperature recorded is [tex]12^{\circ}C[/tex]
ii) All the liquid has evaporated after 140 seconds
Explanation:
i)
In this part of the problem, we have to find the lowest temperature recorded as the liquid evaporates.
In order to do that, we have to look at the graph, where we have:
- The time (in seconds) represented on the x-axis
- The temperature (in Celsius degrees) represented on the y-axis
The lowest temperature recorded corresponds to the minimum value of the variable on the y-axis. By looking at the graph, we see that the temperature starts from [tex]20^{\circ}[/tex] at time [tex]t=0[/tex], then it reaches a minimum of approximately [tex]12^{\circ}C[/tex] at about [tex]t=140 s[/tex], then it increases again. Therefore, the lowest temperature recorded is [tex]12^{\circ}C[/tex].
ii)
In this part, we have to determine how long it takes for all the liquid to evaporate.
The process of evaporation of a liquid takes place when the molecules located on the surface of the liquid, which have more kinetic energy than the other molecules, "escape" the liquid. When these molecules escape the liquid, they remove heat from the liquid (because they carry away energy): therefore, the temperature (which is a measure of the kinetic energy) at the surface of the liquid decreases. This effect is known as cooling effect of evaporation.
When this decrease in temperature stops, it means that the liquid has completely evaporated. From the graph, we see that this occurs when the time is approximately about 140 seconds.
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