Question

What attitude toward religion acted as a cause of the Enlightenment?
1) Increasing influence by the discoveries of Muslim thinkers
2) Turning from monotheistic Western beliefs to Eastern philosophy
3) Frustration with the Church's limits on independent thought
4) Desire to support the authority of the Catholic Church

Answer 1

3) Frustration with the Church's limits on independent thought

Explanation:

• European philosophical thought gradually distanced itself from the influence of Roman Catholicism, until, during the Enlightenment, it completely freed itself from those influences, thus laying the foundation for later post-Christian (or post-Roman Catholic) humanism.
• This was accompanied by a weakening of the political power of the Roman Catholic Church.
• The decisive blow to Rome's political ambitions was the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars.
• All that remains of the former almighty papal empire that ruled most of Western Europe is a weak Vatican state.

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