Question

A 1000 kg satellite and a 2000 kg satellite follow exactly the same orbit around the earth. What is the ratio F1/F2 of the gravitational force on the first satellite to that on the second satellite? What is the ratio a1/a2 of the acceleration of the first satellite to that of the second satellite?

Answer 1

Answer:

the ratio F1/F2 = 1/2

the ratio a1/a2 = 1

Explanation:

The force that both satellites experience is:

F1 = G M_e m1 / r²       and

F2 = G M_e m2 / r²

where

• m1 is the mass of satellite 1
• m2 is the mass of satellite 2
• r is the orbital radius
• M_e is the mass of Earth

Therefore,

F1/F2 = [G M_e m1 / r²] / [G M_e m2 / r²]

F1/F2 = [G M_e m1 / r²] × [r² / G M_e m2]

F1/F2 = m1/m2

F1/F2 = 1000/2000

F1/F2 = 1/2

The other force that the two satellites experience is the centripetal force. Therefore,

F1c = m1 v² / r    and

F2c = m2 v² / r

where

• m1 is the mass of satellite 1
• m2 is the mass of satellite 2
• v is the orbital velocity
• r is the orbital velocity

Thus,

a1 = v² / r ⇒ v² = r a1    and

a2 = v² / r ⇒ v² = r a2

Therefore,

F1c = m1 a1 r / r = m1 a1

F2c = m2 a2 r / r = m2 a2

In order for the satellites to stay in orbit, the gravitational force must equal the centripetal force. Thus,

F1 = F1c

G M_e m1 / r² = m1 a1

a1 = G M_e / r²

also

a2 = G M_e / r²

Thus,

a1/a2 = [G M_e / r²] / [G M_e / r²]

a1/a2 = 1

Answer 2

The ratio of the force acting on the satellites is F₁/F₂ = 1/2 and the ratio of the accelerations is a1/a2 = 1

Orbital motion:

The gravitational force on the satellites is given by

F₁ = GMm₁ / r²      

and

F₂ = GMm₂ / r²

where

m₁ is the mass of the first satellite = 1000kg

m₂ is the mass of the second satellite = 2000kg

the radius of orbit r is the same for both

M is the mass of the earth

Thus,

F₁/F₂ =  (GMm₁ / r²) / (GMm₂ / r²)

F₁/F₂ = m₁/m₂

F₁/F₂ = 1000/2000

F₁/F₂ = 1/2

The satellites are held in orbit as the centripetal force balances the gravitational force.

The centripetal force on each satellite is:

f₁ = m₁v² / r

and

f₂ = m₂v² / r

where

m₁ is the mass of satellite 1

m₂ is the mass of satellite 2

v is the orbital velocity, which does not depend on the mass of the satellite

r is the orbital velocity

Compared to the standard force equation:

F = ma

where a is the acceleration, we get that

a₁ = v²/ r   and

a₂ = v²/ r

So,

a₁/a₂ = 1

Learn more about orbital motion:

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