Ottoman Empire was recognized as a great power in Europe, while France gained an ally in their quarrel with the Habsburg Monarchy.
Explanation:
- The Mamluk Sultans, rulers of Egypt and Syria, made a capitulation with the French, which was confirmed in 1517 by Ottoman Sultan Selim I after the conquest of these countries.
- Suleiman I. The Magnificent affirms them in 1520 upon his accession to the throne.23 The first characteristic of this period is that the great powers, which later formed national ones, assumed the monopoly in trade with the East.
- France was thus the first to occupy the most dominant nation in the Levant trade and to conclude the first written and preserved capitulations in 1536.
- The French monopoly on Ottoman trade with Europe remained until 1580, although English traders were still allowed to trade in 1533. But they did not use it until 1580 when they (again) received capitulations.
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