Answer: end of medieval Europe is intimately connected with 1) reformation (Luther, Calvin, Anglicanism, Melanchton etc.), 2) humanism, 3) renaissance and frequently associated with these political event: A) Battle of Bosworth (end of War of Roses, 1485), B) discovery of America and expulsion of Arabs from Granada (1492), C) Conquest of Constantinople by Seljuc Turks (1453). All this was preceded by Great Schism within Catholic church ....significant consequence of Great Schism: crisis of authority of the Catholic church and papacy.
Explanation: Authority and infallibility of popes started being questioned since the end of 14th century and then during the 15th century.
