A client is scheduled for bowel resection with anastomosis involving the large intestine. Because of the surgical site, the nurse formulates the nursing diagnosis of Risk for infection. To complete the nursing diagnosis statement, the nurse should add which "related-to" phrase?
a) Related to the presence of a nasogastric (NG) tube postoperativelyb) Related to the presence of bacteria at the surgical sitec) Related to major surgery required by bowel resectiond) Related to malnutrition secondary to bowel resection with anastomosis

The nurse should add "Related to the presence of bacteria at the surgical site" to the diagnosis of Risk for infection.
The large intestine has an alkaline environment because of which it contains bacteria as such an environment promotes the growth of organisms that putrefy and break down the indigestible residues and remaining proteins.
examples of such organisms include Escherichia coli, Aerobacter aerogenes, Clostridium perfringens, and Lactobacillus.
Although bowel resection with anastomosis is considered major surgery, it poses no greater risk of infection than any other type of major surgery. Malnutrition seldom follows bowel resection with anastomosis because nutritional absorption (except for some water, sodium, and chloride) is completed in the small intestine.
An NG tube is placed through a natural opening, not a wound, and therefore doesn't increase the client's risk of infection.