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Answer:
Import substitution industrialization (ISI) is a trade and economic policy which advocates replacing foreign imports with domestic production. Domestic consumers benefit from import substitution as they do not have to face strong competition from foreign competitors and can sell their goods at a higher price. So for example manufacturers in USA sell a battery from $10 but consumers from USA have the option to import that battery at $7 from China the US manufacturers wont be able to compete as Chinese companies have lower cost of production therefore they can sell cheaper and in order to protect the local manufacturers the government may use an ISI strategy to help the local manufacturers. On the other hand consumers are harmed from this strategy as they cannot buy the cheaper product because of change in government strategy. So consumers who were buying the battery at $7 not have to buy it at $10.
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