Question

We know that DNA and RNA (each with four nucleotide components) both use a three nucleotide genetic code and 64 codons (43 = 64). Knowing that the minimum number of codons for the genetic code is 21 (20 amino acids, 1 stop codon), what codon size would be required if only three nucleotides were present in the genome?a) 2 nucleotides per codonb) 3 nucleotides per codonc) 5 nucleotides per codond) 4 nucleotides per codone) 6 nucleotides per codon

Answer 1

Explanation:

b) 3 nucleotides per codon

In the genetic code, an amino acid is encoded by 3 nucleotides, while there are just 4 bases

• A set of amino acids, 20 in total, build proteins from numerous configurations
• ∴ for 20 amino acids, and 4 nucleotides a minimum of 3 bases is required  $N^{3}$ = $4^{3}$ = 64 possible codon arrangements

However, if only 3 nucleotides were present...

• $N^{3}$ = $3^{3}$ = 27 codons

Given the degeneracy of the genetic code- the code contains more information that necessary multiple codon encode the same amino acid.  ∴ as only 21 are needed, and $N^{3}$, 27> 21, only 3 nucleotides per codon would be required.

Further Explanation:

The nucleic acids are comprised of smaller units called nucleotides and function as storage for the body’s genetic information. These monomers include ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They differ from other macromolecules since they don’t provide the body with energy. They exist solely to encode and protein synthesis.

Basic makeup: C, H, O, P; they contain phosphate group 5 carbon sugar does nitrogen bases which may contain single to double bond ring.

Codons are three nucleotide bases encoding coding and amino acid or signal at the beginning or end of protein synthesis.

RNA codons determine certain amino acids so the order in which the bases occur within in the codon sequence designates which amino acid is to be made bus with the four RNA nucleotides (Adenine, Cysteine and Uracil) Up to 64 codons (with 3 as stop codons) determine amino acid synthesis. The stop codons ( UAG UGA UAA) terminate amino acid/ protein synthesis while the start codon AUG begins protein synthesis.

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Answer 2

The codon size that would be required if only three nucleotides were present in the genome is 3 nucleotides per codon.

What is a codon?

A codon is group of triplet nucleotides that encodes an amino acid.

According to this question, DNA and RNA are said to both use a three nucleotide genetic code and 64 codons.

There are 4 nucleotide bases in the genome, hence, 4³ = 64 codons.

This means that 3 nucleotides per codon is the codon size that would be required if only three nucleotides are present in the genome.

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