14. a. Acidic
15. b. Weaker
16. d. Dilute and weak
Explanation:
14. Which type of the solution is one with the pH of 3?
Solution with pH from 1 to 7 are acidic, equal to 7 is neutral and from 7 to 14 basic. The solution with the pH equal to 3 is acidic.
15. The smaller the value of the base dissociation constant (Kb), the weaker the base.
The dissociation reaction of a base (B) is:
B + H₂O → BH⁺ + OH⁻
Kb is defined as:
Kb = ( [BH⁺] × [OH⁻] ) / ( [B] × [H₂O] )
The potency of the base depends on the concentration of the hydroxide ion [OH⁻], so if the Kb ratio is small it means that the concentration of hydroxide ion is smaller so the base will be weaker.
16. A 0.39 M solution of an acid that ionizes only slightly in solution would be termed dilute and weak.
The acid is weak because is only slightly ionizing in solution. The therm diluted is a little bit arbitrarily because we ask yourself "diluted in respect with what"? I would characterize the acid to be diluted at a concentration of 1 M and concentrated at a concentration of 10 M.
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