Question

Describe the role each organelle (there are 5) has in
synthesizing proteins. *

Answer 1

Explanation:

During protein synthesis, transcription occurs in the nucleus, followed by translation within ribosomes, the newly synthesized proteins enter  endoplasmic reticulum where they undergo folding and modification. Within the golgi body, the proteins are tagged and parceled in to lysosomes for export.

Further Explanation:

1. The nucleus; here, DNA is housed. The DNA typically wound into chromosomes within the nucleus is unwound, unzipped and read by enzymes in a complex series of steps known as transcription. The message on DNA, called genes is copied by RNA polymerase, to form mRNA complementary sequence to that of the DNA strand. These are then translated into proteins in ribosomes.
2. Ribosomes... these are composed of ribosomal RNA or rRNA. Most proteins that function in the cytosol (such as actin) or in the nucleus (such as DNA polymerase) are synthesized by free ribosomes. Proteins that function within the endomembrane system (such as lysosomal enzymes) or those that are destined for secretion from the cell (such as insulin) are synthesized by bound ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
3. The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane system within the cytoplasm. Apart from increasing the surface area within the cell, this continuous system also carries out protein folding, synthesis and transport. In the endoplasmic reticulum or  ER, some sections called the smooth ER, do not contain ribosomes, and may contain lipids, enzymes, and other proteins. Other sections bound to ribosomes, are called the rough Er. As a protein destined for the endomembrane system is being synthesized by a ribosome, the first amino acids in the growing polypeptide chain act as a signal sequence. That signal sequence ensures that the ribosome binds to the outer membrane of the ER and that the protein enters the ER lumen. The proteins undergo major modifications and are packed into vesicles.
4. The Golgi body... These are flat, disk-like membranous regions. Proteins traverse the organelle by first having thei vesicles bind to the cis face or receiving end. Like a post office, the golgi complex, or golgi body recognizes signal sequences, further modifies and packages these compounds into lysosomes for delivery to their final destination.
5. Lysosomes... Some organelles separate proteins and molecules that may harm the cell by parceling them into membrane-bound organelles called vesicles. Some are specialized, for example, proteases bound within lysosomes can break down many structural proteins, and carbohydrates found in food, waste, and cell components. Lysosomes fuse with the plasma membrane to empty their contents into the extracellular space.

Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903

Learn more about mitochondria and similar structures at brainly.com/question/2855039

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