Question

the percentage of the input work that is converted to output work

Answer 1

The percentage of the input work that is converted to output work is called efficiency

Explanation:

The efficiency of a machine is defined (in percentage) as:

$\eta = \frac{W_o}{W_i} \cdot 100$

where:

$W_o$ is the output work of the machine

$W_i$ is the input work in the machine

For an ideal machine that loses no energy, the efficiency is 100 %, because

$W_o = W_i$

which means that all the energy in input is converted into useful work in output.

However, in the real world this is never possible: in fact, there are always some frictional forces acting in the machine, and therefore part of the work in input is "wasted" and converted into non-useful forms of energy (mainly, thermal energy), and therefore

$W_o < W_i$

which means that the actual efficiency is less than 100%.

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